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N.S. Kardashev

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N.S. Kardashev (1932–2019) was a Soviet and Russian astrophysicist best known for proposing the Kardashev scale for classifying the technological advancement of civilizations. He appears in the archive in a 1972 CIA intelligence report summarizing a paper he co-presented with Andrei Sakharov at a 1971 conference in Yerevan, Armenia, on the behavior of charged mass near black holes.

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